Vitiligo (Leukoderma) is an acquired condition that causes the skin to lose color. It is neither contagious nor life-threatening. In addition to the skin, vitiligo can appear on any part of the body that contains pigment, such as the hair, inside the mouth, or the eyes.
Vitiligo is best defined as a skin condition in which there is loss of skin color in blotches. The extent and rate of pigment loss vary widely from person to person.
These white patches form when the pigment (melanin)-producing cells in the skin, known as melanocytes, die off. Melanin gives the skin its natural color and protects it from UV radiation.
Vitiligo is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
The primary goals of vitiligo treatment are:
- Regaining pigment in the affected areas
- Minimizing contrast between affected and unaffected skin using sunscreen and sun avoidance
Our dermatologists at Sarin Skin may recommend the following treatments:
- Topical (skin-based) steroids
- Ultraviolet light or laser treatment
- Skin grafting
- Cosmetic camouflage (e.g., makeup like Dermablend)
The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, but several factors may contribute, including:
- Autoimmune reactions – where the body attacks its own melanocytes
- Genetic factors
- Oxidative stress imbalance
- Exposure to certain chemicals
- Skin damage from sunburn or trauma
- Viral or neural causes
- Heredity
While vitiligo typically presents no physical symptoms, the visible signs include:
- White, depigmented (chalk-white) patches on the skin
- Premature whitening or graying of scalp hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard
- Discoloration around body orifices (mouth, eyes, nose, anus)
- Discoloration of the tissues lining the mouth and nose
- Variations or complete loss of color in the inner layer of the eyeball
Commonly affected areas:
- Hands and arms
- Feet and legs
- Around facial features and other orifices
Although there is no cure for vitiligo, many treatments can help restore pigment and even out skin tone. Treatment results vary between individuals and can be unpredictable.
Common options include:
- Medication
- Phototherapy – UVA or UVB light therapy
- Laser therapy
- Surgical options – Skin grafting or tattooing for color restoration
Is vitiligo contagious?
No. Vitiligo is not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another.
What causes the white patches?
Loss of pigment due to the destruction of melanocytes – the cells responsible for skin color.
Can vitiligo be cured?
There is no complete cure, but treatments can help restore pigment and improve appearance.
Who is at risk of developing vitiligo?
It can affect anyone, but people with a family history or autoimmune conditions are at higher risk.
Is the treatment painful?
Most treatments are non-invasive or minimally invasive and generally well-tolerated.